Brahms: Piano Concertos

"My enthusiasm for Brahms goes back to my youth, and the piano concertos are largely responsible for it," writes Sir András Schiff in a liner note for this remarkable new recording. It finds the great pianist reassessing interpretive approaches to Brahms in the inspired company of the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. To fully bring out the characteristics of Brahms's music Schiff's choice of instrument is a Blüthner piano built in Leipzig around 1859, the year in which the D minor concerto was premiered. The historically informed Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment plays with the flexibility, attitude, and responsiveness of a chamber music ensemble, as they work without a conductor, listening attentively to each other. András Schiff's collaboration with the orchestra in a series of concerts was widely acclaimed: "Brahms's First Piano Concerto was reborn thanks to the OAE's incisive playing and András Schiff's characterful phrasing", The Guardian exclaimed. The musicians' mutual wish to recapture the experience led to the present double album, recorded in London in December 2019. An extensive CD booklet includes liner notes by András Schiff and Peter Gülke in English and German.

Arnold Schoenberg called him 'Brahms the Progressive'. Whilst Johannes Brahms's musical language and formal cosmos were deeply rooted in the past, by burrowing into the music of Bach and Beethoven he brought forth compositional fabrics of a tight-knit perfection that pointed far into the future.

Yet, over years of continuously evolving interpretations, Brahms's oeuvre has acquired an inappropriate heaviness more likely to conceal the fabric of his music than to unveil the subtle intricacies of its 'developing variations', to quote Schoenberg's term for his compositional method. András Schiff emphasizes precisely this point in his new recording of the two piano concertos with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment.

These developments, need it be said, are also related to changing performance conditions and transformations in society. But it is not always easy to say where the causal chain began. What is certain is that the growth of a global audience for music - with a corresponding increase in volume levels, larger concert halls and ever more massive ensembles and sturdier instruments - has led to a distorted image of Brahms that cries out for correction. After all, as Schiff puts it, Brahms's music is 'transparent, sensitive, differentiated and nuanced in its dynamics'.

In order to bring this to light, however, we must recall the performance conditions of Brahms's day and reconstruct them as best we can. The Meiningen Court Orchestra, one of Europe's most progressive and highly acclaimed orchestras of the era, and Brahms's personal favourite (he conducted it in the première of his Fourth Symphony in 1885), consisted at times of no more than 49 musicians with nine first violins. Moreover, the pianos he preferred, mainly built by the firms of Streicher, Bösendorfer and Blüthner, were more limpid in their sound, richer in overtones, and responded to a lighter touch.

András Schiff already turned to period instruments on some of his earlier recordings for ECM's New Series, including his two double albums with Schubert's late piano works, for which he used a fortepiano built by Franz Brodmann in 1820. He had used the same instrument for his double album with Beethoven's Diabelli Variations, contrasting this version with a reading of the same work on a Bechstein grand of 1921.

Now Sir András has chosen the conductor-less Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, with its period instruments, for his recording of the two Brahms concertos. And he plays an historic grand piano built by the Leipzig firm of Julius Blüthner in 1859. The result is nothing less than an attempt 'to recreate and restore the works, to cleanse the music and to liberate it from the burden of the -often questionable- trademarks of performing tradition'.

At times the recordings take on the quality of chamber music, as is especially telling in the last two movements of the B-flat major Concerto (op. 83). The result is a performance that approaches the original character of the sound, revealing those layers of the works that emphasise the dialogue between soloist and orchestra - and dispelling the preconception that the Second Concerto is a 'symphony with piano obbligato'.

Born in Budapest in 1953, Sir András Schiff has recorded for ECM's New Series since the late 1990s. In addition to his acclaimed complete recording of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas and the Diabelli Variations, Bach's Goldberg Variations and Well-Tempered Clavier, his ECM releases include sonatas and piano pieces by Schubert on an historic hammerklavier, works by Schumann, Janáček and Jörg Widmann, and songs by Debussy and Mozart with Juliane Banse.

The British Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment was founded in 1986. True to its name, it is devoted primarily to music from the Age of Enlightenment. It plays on so-called 'period instruments' built at the time that the music was composed. Its 50 musicians frequently play without a conductor.